全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7786篇 |
免费 | 1344篇 |
国内免费 | 946篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5589篇 |
晶体学 | 117篇 |
力学 | 440篇 |
综合类 | 53篇 |
数学 | 1134篇 |
物理学 | 2743篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 11篇 |
2023年 | 165篇 |
2022年 | 201篇 |
2021年 | 252篇 |
2020年 | 301篇 |
2019年 | 295篇 |
2018年 | 247篇 |
2017年 | 258篇 |
2016年 | 418篇 |
2015年 | 400篇 |
2014年 | 529篇 |
2013年 | 588篇 |
2012年 | 749篇 |
2011年 | 770篇 |
2010年 | 501篇 |
2009年 | 451篇 |
2008年 | 509篇 |
2007年 | 400篇 |
2006年 | 406篇 |
2005年 | 371篇 |
2004年 | 322篇 |
2003年 | 240篇 |
2002年 | 224篇 |
2001年 | 186篇 |
2000年 | 126篇 |
1999年 | 186篇 |
1998年 | 124篇 |
1997年 | 94篇 |
1996年 | 107篇 |
1995年 | 111篇 |
1994年 | 91篇 |
1993年 | 57篇 |
1992年 | 56篇 |
1991年 | 57篇 |
1990年 | 67篇 |
1989年 | 45篇 |
1988年 | 29篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 28篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1928年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 656 毫秒
71.
Yan Yin Otoo Yamada Shunsuke Hayashi Kazuhiro Tanaka Hidetoshi Kita Ken‐Ichi Okamoto 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(12):3751-3762
A series of branched/crosslinked sulfonated polyimide (B/C‐SPI) membranes were prepared and evaluated as proton‐conducting ionomers based on the new concept of in situ crosslinking from sulfonated polyimide (SPI) oligomers and triamine monomers. Chemical branching and crosslinking in SPI oligomers with 1,3,5‐tris(4‐aminophenoxy)benzene as a crosslinker gave the polymer membranes very good water stability and mechanical properties under an accelerated aging treatment in water at 130 °C, despite their high ion‐exchange capacity (2.2–2.6 mequiv g?1). The resulting polymer electrolytes displayed high proton conductivities of 0.2–0.3 S cm?1 at 120 °C in water and reasonably high conductivities of 0.02–0.03 S cm?1 at 50% relative humidity. In a single H2/O2 fuel‐cell system at 90 °C, they exhibited high fuel‐cell performances comparable to those of Nafion 112. The B/C‐SPI membranes also displayed good performances in a direct methanol fuel cell with methanol concentrations as high as 50 wt % that were superior to those of Nafion 112. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3751–3762, 2006 相似文献
72.
Baijun Liu Gilles P. Robertson Michael D. Guiver Yi‐Ming Sun Yin‐Ling Liu Juin‐Yih Lai Serguei Mikhailenko Serge Kaliaguine 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2006,44(16):2299-2310
A series of sulfonated poly(aryl ether ether ketone ketone)s statistical copolymers with high molecular weights were synthesized via an aromatic nucleophilic substitution polymerization. The sulfonation content (SC), defined as the number of sulfonic acid groups contained in an average repeat unit, could be controlled by the feed ratios of monomers. Flexible and strong membranes in sodium sulfonate form could be prepared by the solution casting method, and readily transformed to their proton forms by treating them in 2 N sulfuric acid. The polymers showed high Tgs, which increased with an increase in SC. Membranes prepared from the present sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone ketone) copolymers containing the hexafluoroisopropylidene moiety (SPEEKK‐6F) and copolymers containing the pendant 3,5‐ditrifluoromethylphenyl moiety (SPEEKK‐6FP) had lower water uptakes and lower swelling ratios in comparison with previously prepared copolymers containing 6F units. All of the polymers possessed proton conductivities higher than 1 × 10?2 S/cm at room temperature, and proton conductivity values of several polymers were comparable to that of Nafion at high relative humidity. Their thermal stability, oxidative stability, and mechanical properties were also evaluated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2299–2310, 2006 相似文献
73.
基于单通道反射型电光调制器实现不同路光同时调制的方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出了一种利用单通道反射型聚合物电光调制器同时调制不同路光的方法。衰减全反射结构的电光调制器,其每一个衰减全反射(ATR)峰的位置分别对应于一个导波共振模式。实验系统中利用衰减全反射导膜峰作为调制通道,使其每一路光路的入射角分别对应于不同导波共振模式的工作角,就可以实现利用单通道的电光调制器同时调制不同路光。提出了三种实现两路光同时调制的模式,并给出了三种模式的调制结果。结果表明,作为调制通道的导模阶数越低,调制效率越高。在832 nm光波波长下,采用最低阶导模进行调制时可以获得42.9%的调制效率。 相似文献
74.
Two novel dithienylethenes with ferrocene units were synthesized by Wittig reaction. The structure of 2a has been established by X‐ray diffraction studies. They could reversibly interconvert between two thermally stable forms, an open and a closed one, using light of different wavelengths as triggers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
75.
76.
77.
聚合物电致发光材料研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文较详细地综述了聚合物电致发光材料的研究进展,重点介绍了聚对苯撑乙烯(PPV),并提出了有关聚合物电致发光材料及器件构造研究的一些观点。 相似文献
78.
X荧光滤纸片薄样法测定铅锌矿选矿流程样中Pb,Zn,Cu,Fe 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
本法将X荧光滤纸片薄样法用于具有复杂组分的铅锌矿选矿样品中Pb,Zn,Cu,Fe的分析,样品经化学溶样后滴于定量滤纸片上,标准样品可直接用纯试剂人工配制,用同样制成滤纸片薄样标准系列,因薄样测定可不作基体效应校正,标样使用数量少,又无需化学法标定。故方法实验周期短,样品测定手续简便快速,元素分析含量适应范围宽,可适用于组分复杂,元素含量变化范围大的试样分析,样品分析结果与化学法相符,方法准确度与精 相似文献
79.
A binuclear complex [Cu2(DTB)(DMF)4(H2O)]·2DMF (DTB = 1,4-dinitro-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylatobenzenic anion; DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined by X-ray crystallography. In the complex Cu ion is located in a distorted square pyramidal environment with two oxygen atoms O(1) and O(3) from two carboxylate groups, another two oxygen atoms O(7) and O(8) from terminal ligands of two DMF molecules, and a fifth coordinated oxygen atom O(9) from the terminal ligand of one H2O molecule, in which the O(8) atom is situated in the apex of the pyramid. DTB as bridging ligand coordinates two Cu ions through its four carboxylate groups. The variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility of the complex was measured in the 5–300 K range. The magnetic coupling parameter is consistent with a ferromagnetic exchange between the two copper(II) centers and the data fit a binuclear magnetic exchange model based on the Hamiltonian operator ( = -2J12, 1 = 2= 1/2), giving the ferromagnetic coupling parameter of 2J = 1.80 cm- 1. This is the first example of a tetracarboxylatobenzenic bridging complex exhibiting ferromagnetic interaction. 相似文献
80.
A novel method for preparing silver nanoelectrode ensembles(SNEEs) and gold nanoelectrode ensembles (GNEEs) has been developed. Silver colloid particles were first absorbed to the gold electrode surface to form a monolayer silver colloid. N-hexadecyl nercaptan was then assembled on the electrode to form a thoil monolayer on which hydrophilic ions cannot be transfered. The SNEEs was prepared by removing thiol from silver colloid surface through applying and AC voltage with increasing frequency at 0.20V(vs.SCE). Finally,GNEEs was obtained by immersing a SNEEs into 6 mol/L HNO3 to remove the silver colloid particles. By comparison with other methods such as template method ect., this method enjoys some advantages of lower resistance, same diameter,easy preparation,controllable size and density. 相似文献